Opium grown in India is traded in China from British in exchange for tea
The Chinese became addicted to this drug and eventually outlawed it. They then executed all of the Chinese drug dealers.
They tried to stop trade with Britain, yet Britain refused due to wanting free trade.
As a result Chinese warships clashed with British merchants creating The Opium War.
The British received an indemnity or huge payment for their losses in the war, along with the right to extraterritoriality or the rights to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts.
This caused inequality
The Open Door Policy
The U.S. was not involved in carving up China, due to fear of being blocked out by European merchants.
They came up with the Open Door Policy which kept Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis.
The Chinese were not consulted before putting this policy into place.
The Boxer Rebellion
Started by a secret society called The Righteous Harmonious Fists, known to westerners as martial artists or as they called them boxers.
They then had an uprising->The Boxer Rebellion attacking foreigners , because their goal was to drive out "foreign devils" who were polluting their land with their un-Chinese ways , strange buildings, machines, and telegraph lines.
They were then defeated by an international force , forcing the Chinese to support westernization.
As a result of westernization the chinese admitted women to schools that stressed math and science. They also began to make economic reforms including : mining, shipping, railroads, banking, and exporting cash crops.
The Principles of the people ->Sun Yat-sen
1)Nationalism->freed China from foreigners
2)Democracy>gave China a representative government
3)Livelihood->This gave economic security to all Chinese
The Opium War
The Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion
Short Answer